"Theme and variation" is a popular musical form in which a composer states a melody and then repeats it several times with changes to create more interest and variety. Some famous examples of this form are Charles Ives' "Variations on America" and Mozart's "Twelve Variations on Vous dirai-je, Maman" K. 265/300e, a French folk song that most people now know as "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star." In this episode 13-year-old Chad Hoopes plays "Variations on La Folia" by Arcangelo Corelli, arranged by Fritz Kreisler. Christopher O'Riley explains that this is one of the most loved melodies of all time, having inspired more variations than any other tune, by composers dating back to the 16th century. In the rehearsal footage, we see Chris and Chad having some fun improvising their own variations, taking requests such as "Airport Jazz Lounge" to put a modern spin on the classic melody.
Extra Credit! For more advanced music students: Select a favorite melody and compose three short variations that reflect different styles or moods. Students should take into account choice of instrument(s), style and the musical elements identified in class.
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The A and B sections become increasingly ornamented with each recurrence. The penultimate bar utilizes considerable rhythmic freedom, indicated by the instruction, senza tempo (without tempo). The nocturne opens with a legato melody, mostly played piano (quietly), containing graceful upward leaps which becomes increasingly wide as the line unfolds. This melody is heard again three times during the piece. With each repetition, it is varied by ever more elaborate decorative tones and trills. The nocturne also includes a subordinate melody, which is played with rubato.
Our bodies respond to music in conscious and unconscious ways (Clark, Baker, & Taylor, 2016). While we may take the influence of music for granted, there are complex interactions occurring in our brains and bodies that impact our physical movement, thoughts, and feelings (Altenmüller & Schlaug, 2012; Koelsch, Fritz, Cramon, Müller, & Friederici, 2006). When we listen to music, our bodies respond automatically (Burger, Thompson, Luck, Saarikallio, & Toiviainen, 2013). We breathe in time, move in time, and our hearts may even beat in time (Levitin & Tirovolas, 2009; Zatorre, Chen, & Penhune, 2007). Dancers illustrate this phenomenon beyond timing or rhythm as they capture musical meaning from the full spectrum of music including melody and harmony with their bodies (Quiroga Murcia & Kreutz, 2012).
Music is made up of multiple elements including tempo (speed), rhythm, timbre (sound qualities), dynamics (loudness), harmony, melody (pitch), and sometimes lyrics. Rhythm in music is particularly influential as it mimics internal bodily rhythms, and is therefore an external cue that our brains readily recognise and respond to (Zatorre et al., 2007). The automatic synchronisation of physical movement, heart rate, respiratory rate, and neural activity with rhythmic cues in music is known as entrainment (Altenmüller & Schlaug, 2013; Schneck & Berger, 2006; Thaut, 2005). Neurophysiological responses are stimulated by complex interactions involving all the musical elements, which in turn have a powerful influence on mood and emotional experience (Schneck & Berger, 2006). Music therapists utilize these bodily responses from music to modify arousal levels and optimize physical functioning such as walking and other movement patterns (Tomaino, 2015).
The autonomic nervous system is particularly sensitive to various subtle and overt musical meanings, leading to neural excitement and states of heightened arousal on one extreme and neural inhibition with deep relaxation on the other (Zatorre et al., 2007). In addition, musical experiences can cause the neuroendocrine or hormonal system to release feel good hormones such as dopamine and serotonin, which imbue intense feelings of pleasure and reward (Rodriguez-Fornells et al., 2012; Schneck & Berger, 2006). Music also activates the limbic system, releasing endorphins that can make us feel better and reduce pain perception (Beaulieu-Boire, Bourque, Chagnon, Chouinard, Gallo-Payet, & Lesur, 2013). Further, music listening can reduce anxiety levels (known as an anxiolytic effect), by suppressing the sympathetic nervous system activity, and in doing so, reducing release of the stress hormone adrenaline (Bradt & Dileo, 2014; Chlan, 1998). Musical tempo, harmony, melody, rhythm and volume in music can therefore be manipulated to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, sensory perception, cognitive function, neural activity, and emotional response depending on the requirements for a given situation (DeNora, 2000; Schneck & Berger, 2006).
The influence of music is dependent on extrinsic factors that connect you with the music personally (for example, memories and associations with various parts of your life), and intrinsic elements within the music (such as rhythm, melody, and harmony) (North & Hargreaves, 2008). Through our lives we build a legacy of music marking integral time points. In this way, certain songs easily evoke strong memories, such that we may clearly see and feel these moments in time (Schneck & Berger, 2006). With respect to intrinsic elements in music, current theory proposes that pitch related factors have strong impact on the mood and emotional feel (Zatorre et al., 2007). Generally, stimulative or energising music includes fast tempo, wide pitch variation, and syncopated rhythms. In contrast, relaxing or sedative music has slow tempo, low melodic range, and consistent rhythm (Zatorre et al., 2007).
The sound track music styles in Styles Set 50 are a kind of blank mood canvas, ready to create music tracks for your home videos, corporate presentations, movies, voice-overs, or jingles. The SoundTracks MIDI Fakebook Volume 2 uses these styles for even more royalty-free songs that are Joyful, Reflective, Exotic, Goofy, Funky, Upbeat, Mysterious and Majestic ‐ just to name a few. These songs are ready to go "as is," or as templates for your own sound track compositions. And the award goes to? You!
Picking up where Volume 2 left off, The Classical MIDI Fakebook Volume 3 includes 100 well-known Classical standards performed by Miles Black. The influence of Classical music is undeniable and still reverberates in today's popular music. What better way to study the works of the great masters than seeing and hearing them performed in Band-in-a-Box's "chords & melody" format. Whether you are a casual listener or a serious music student, The Classical MIDI Fakebook Volume 3 has something for everyone.
100 performances of well-known Classical standards performed in Band-in-a-Box "chords and melody" format. Hear the great works of Chopin, Beethoven, Mozart, and many others in virtuoso melodic performances by Miles Black. See and learn how the great masters used similar chord progressions to those employed today. Change the styles for variations, learn the pieces by studying the chords, or transpose the pieces to familiar keys for further study.
Duets for Band-in-a-Box will provide any user with a more inspiring way to practice! This is an exciting series of 50 Duets, each designed specifically by Miles Black for sight-reading practice. Both parts have an independent contrapuntal melody, so you feel like you have a real playing partner at your side. Each of the 5 genres, Classical, Jazz, Smooth Jazz, Bebop and Rock, includes 10 great contrapuntal melodies. With one melody line recorded on the Melody track and the second on the Soloist track, it's easy to see and hear what each part is playing. Mute one melody and play along with the other, then reverse the roles and sight-read the other part. Don't forget to set the "Scroll-ahead" to the desired setting so you will have an automatic page turner. Also included is a folder with the 50 Duets transposed into all 12 keys. This is a fantastic way to improve your sight-reading! 2ff7e9595c
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